What is the main component of the universe according to modern cosmology?

The main component of the universe according to modern cosmology is dark energy. This mysterious form of energy makes up about 68% of the total energy content of the universe and is thought to be responsible for the observed acceleration of the universe's expansion.

In the context of cosmology, dark energy is a crucial element because it affects the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe. While visible matter and dark matter are important components, they constitute a smaller portion of the universe's overall composition, with visible matter making up only about 5% and dark matter about 27%. Exotic matter, which often refers to hypothetical materials that may have unusual properties, is not recognized as a significant component of the universe in the current understanding of cosmological models. Thus, dark energy is the primary focus of current research and plays a vital role in our understanding of the cosmological model, including the fate of the universe itself.