Speed differs from velocity in that velocity includes which additional component?

Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement and is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. While speed is simply a measure of how fast an object is moving (the magnitude of motion), it does not provide any information about the direction in which that motion occurs. Therefore, velocity encompasses this additional component of direction, distinguishing it from speed.

To clarify the other terms: distance refers to the total path length traveled regardless of direction, mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and time is a measure of the duration of an event. These components do not differentiate between speed and velocity. Thus, the inclusion of direction in the concept of velocity is what sets it apart from speed.